USING ENGLISH TO REPORT

1. OBJECTIVE
Investigate the polarity of some compounds

2. BASIC THEORY

1) Polar compounds are compounds formed by the presence of a bond between the electrons in the elements. This happens because the bonded elements have different degrees of electronegativity.

· Characteristics of polar compounds:
1. Can soluble in water and other solvents
2. Have positive pole (+) and negative pole (-), due to uneven distribution of electrons
3. Have free electron pairs (when molecular shape is known) or have different electronegativity.
Example: alcohol, HCl, PCl3, H2O, N2O5.

2) Non-polar compounds are compounds formed by the presence of a bond between the electrons in the elements that make up it. This happens because the binding element has the same electronegativity value / almost the same

· Characteristics of non-polar compounds:
1. Insoluble in water and other polar solvents
2. It has no positive pole (+) and negative pole (-), due to uneven distribution of electrons
3. It has no free electron pairs (when the molecular shape is known) or its electronegativity is the same.
Example: Cl2, PCl5, H2, N2

Ø Polar compounds:

A. Insoluble in water

B. Has a free electon pairs (shape is not symmetrical)

C. Ends odd, except BX3 and PX5

Example: NH3, PCl3, H2O, HCl, HBr

Ø Non polar compounds:

A. Insoluble in water

B. It has no free electron pairs (symmetrical shape)

C. Ended even

Example: F2, BR2, O2, H2

3. TOOLS AND MATERIALS

• · TOOLS:

1. Buret and stative

2. Mica ruler

3. Glass beaker

• · INGREDIENTS:

1. Hair

2. Water

3. Petrol

4. Alcohol 70%

5. HCl solution

6. Sugar solution

4. WORK PROCEDURES

1. Install the burette on the statif.

2. Fill each burette with water, gasoline, alcohol, HCl solution, and sugar solution.

3. Rub the rumen of the mica with hair (10-30 rubs).

4. Drain the liquid from the burette into the beaker and close the ruler of the charged mica on the flow of the liquid.

5. Observe what happens to the flow of liquids

5. OBSERVATION RESULT

Influence of charged polena rods on the flow of liquids.

NO	LIQUID	EFFECT
1	Water	The flow of water becomes a turn
2	Fuel	Gas flow becomes unverified (straight)
3	Alcohol	The flow of alcohol turns
4	HCL Solution	The flow of HCl solution turns
5	Sugar Solution	The flow of sugar solution turns

6. DATA ANALYSIS

Ø Water

When the buret tube is opened, water runs into a beaker and is held close to a plastic rod that has been rubbed on dry hair. Apparently, making the flow of water that was originally straight turned to the electric field generated by a ruler. This is because the water molecule composed of 2 H atoms and 1 O atom is a polar covalent bond.

Analyzed by:

The water compound has the chemical formula H2O, meaning it consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms have valence electrons 1 whereas the oxygen atoms have valence electrons 6. Then on these compounds will form 2 single covalent bonds and have free electron pairs. So these compounds are classified on polar compounds.

Ø Gasoline / Acetone

By the time the buret faucet is opened, the acetone flowing into the beaker as it is approached by an electric rod does not have any deflection or reaction. This is because the acetone molecule has a polar covalent bond.

Analyzed by:

Acetone or propanone has the chemical formula CH3COCH3. In this compound, found 3 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom. These atoms form a single and double covalent bond, and in this compound no free electron pair is found. Therefore, according to its Lewis structure, these compounds are included in non-polar compounds, although experiments are classified as polar compounds. Basically, this compound is a semi-polar compound.

Ø Ethanol / Alcohol

By the time the burette tap is opened, the ethanol that flows into the initially straight glass of the glass as it is approached by an electric-flowing rod is deflected. This is because the ethanol molecule has a polar covalent bond.

Analyzed by:

Alcohol compounds with the chemical formula C2H5OH are composed of 2 Carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom. This compound forms 8 single covalent bonds and has no free electron pairs thereby including polar compounds.

Ø HCl / Hydrochloric Solution

By the time the burette tap is opened, the hcl that flows toward the glass of chemistry that is initially curved when approached by an electric rod is deflected. This is because the hcl molecule has a polar covalent bond.

Analyzed by:

Hcl is a compound consisting of elements h and cl, with the difference of electronegativity 0.9 so that hcl is a polar compound.

Ø Sugar solution

Sugar solution with chemical formula C6H12O6 is a mixture of glucose dissolved in aqueous solvents. When the burette faucet is opened and the ruler is brought closer, the initially straight glucose flow is also in the turn, indicating that the sugar solution has polar properties.

7. QUESTION

1. What properties are indicated by the type of molecule affected by the ruler of the charged mica?

Answer: Polar

2. How would the molecules have such properties?

Answer: Because of the polar molecule, the positive center point does not coincide with the negative charge center point causing the dipole (two positive and negative poles). Because there are posittive and negative poles, polar compounds are influenced by magnetic fields or electric fields

3. What substances are not affected by the loaded mica ruler? Why is that?

Answer: Gasoline, because it is non polar

8. CONCLUSION

When an object is electrically charged to a particular liquid there will be different reactions depending on the liquid molecule. The deflection reaction of a liquid when approached by an electrically charged object occurs when the liquid has a polar covalent bond. Whereas if there is no reaction then the liquid has a non-polar covalent bond.

The results of the experiment say that:

1. The water compound with the chemical formula of H2O is a polar covalent bond.

2. Acetone / gasoline compounds with the chemical formula CH3COCH3 are non-polar covalent bonds.

3. Ethanol compound with chemical formula C2H5OH is a polar covalent bond.

4. HCl solution is a polar covalent bond.

5. Sugar solution with chemical formula C6H12O6 is a polar covalent bond.

In the case of the polarity of a compound depends on the dipole moment value. The polarity of a compound is also influenced by the electronegativity value of each element.

    HA