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a compound that donates H+ ions to a solution; pH <7 |
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a compound that removes H+ ions from aqueous solution or donates OH-; pH >7 |
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describes how acidic or basic a solution is |
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pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
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What are the four main elements in living things? |
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Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon |
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What are the additional four elements in living things? |
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Potassium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium |
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an atom or molecule with a charge |
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atoms with different numbers of neutrons |
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have unstable nuclei that break down over time, emitting particles |
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isotopes that break down quickly |
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tow or more atoms that are chemically combined |
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when one atom gives an electron (or more) to another atom. The resulting atoms become tons and are attracted to each other |
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when atoms share electrong, allowing the outermost shells of both atoms to be filled; stronger than ionic bonds |
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attraction between a partially positive and negative other atom |
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when electrons are shared unequally, one atom is partially negative, while the other is partially positive. |
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water molecules stick to each other with hydrogen bonds |
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liquid water keeps its shape because the molecules stick to one another |
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polar water molecules atick to polar water molecules in other substances |
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the tendency of water to move uo (against gravity) a substance due to adhesion |
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a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid (works because of hydrophobis and a hydrophilic end) |
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a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid (works because of hydrophobis and a hydrophilic end) |
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water fearing (non-polar, oil) |
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water loving (polar, glass, salt) |
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simple sugar, monosaccharide |
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carbohydrates, polysaccride |
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all lipids are hydrophobic |
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has mass and volume and is recycled by decomposers |
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positive charge, 1 amu, found in the nucleus |
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0 charge, 1 amu, found in nucleus |
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negative charge, 0 mass, found in electron ring |
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C6H12O6
Examples: glucose, fructose, galacose
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1. polymer of glucose
2. used in how glucose is found in plants
3. lots found in root vegetables like potatoes
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1. polymer of glucose
2. how glucose is stored in animals
3. found in the liver and in muscle tissues
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1. polymer of glucose
2. major structural material in plants found in plant cell walls
3. indigestible by humans and other animals
4. used to make: wood, cotton, and paper
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1. type of lipid made of four rings
2. used for hormones, estrogen, testosterone, and cholesterol
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1. Amine Group
2. Central Carbon attached to Hydrogen
3. Carboxylic Acid Group
4. R Group
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Betweem the glucose,fructose,and galacose where the highest amount of carbohydrates?
BalasHapusI think it same, because these three kinds of monosaccharides contain the same type and number of atoms, which are 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. The only difference lies in the way the preparation of hydrogen and oxygen atoms around carbon atoms.
HapusWhat the meaning of monomoer atomic and polimer atomic?
BalasHapusMonomers are small molecules, mostly organic, that can join with other similar molecules to form very large molecules, or polymers. All monomers have the capacity to form chemical bonds to at least two other monomer molecules.
HapusPolymers are a class of synthetic substances composed of multiples of simpler units called monomers. Polymers are chains with an unspecified number of monomeric units.
Give me the example of hydrophilic and hydrophobic
BalasHapusHydrophilic:
HapusH2O = water
NH3 = ammonia
HCl = hydrochloric acid
HF = hydrofluoric acid
CO = carbon monoxide
Hydrophobic:
CH4 = methane
O2 = oxygen
CO2 = carbon dioxide
N2 = nitrogen
H2 = hydrogen
Give me an example for Galactose and disaccharide in everyday life?
BalasHapusDisacalides:
Hapus1. Maltose
Maltose is a disaccharide and is the result of partial hydrolysis of starch (starch).
2. Lactose
Lactose is the main component found in breast milk and cow's milk.
3. Sucrose
Sucrose is present in cane sugar and beet sugar. In the daily life of sucrose is known as sugar.
Galactose:
1. Generally these carbohydrates present in the form of lactose (a combination of glucose and galactose) contained in milk.
Try to explain what is Antosianin?
BalasHapusAnthocyanins are pigments that give color to the flowers, fruits, and leaves of green plants. In addition, anthocyanin is widely used as a natural dye in various food products.
HapusMore example for surfactan?
BalasHapusA. Anionic surfactants
HapusAnionic surfactants are a group of surfactants, in which polar and non-polar groups bind directly to form a molecule with a negatively charged part of the active. Examples used in pharmaceuticals: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium acetate, dioctyl sodium sulfoxinate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.
B. Non-Ionic surfactant
This surfactant is neutral, in the water does not ionize and not charged. It is therefore stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions. Examples: Sorbiton monolaurate, sorbiton monopalmitate, sorbiton monostearate, sorbiton monooleat (span20, 40, 60, 80).
C. Cationic Surfactants
Cationic surfactants are surfactant groups in which polar and non-polar groups bind directly to form a molecule with a positively charged member. Examples used in pharmaceutical fields: benzyl chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride.
D. Amphoteric surfactant
Amphoteric surfaces are a group of surfactants in which polar and non-polar groups bind directly to form a molecule with a positively or negatively charged member. The amphoteric surfactant may be either positively or negatively or neutrally depending on the pH of the solution. At low pH it will be as a cation and a high pH is anionic, and in a neutral atmosphere this surfactant will exhibit nonionic properties. Examples: N-lauryl ammonium propionate, sulfobetaine.
Are there any equations of proton neutrons and electrons.?
BalasHapus